Business Marketing Management Business Management

Amanda Gross Ms. Jessica Madinger Comp 101 C 9 November 2015 Business Marketing Management Outline Business has several majors to seek, such as: Accounting, Economics, Administration, Marketing, International business, Entrepreneurship, and lastly Management. A business degree has many of opportunities. This paper is going to specifically focus on Management which you can get a minor in marketing, which would be called marketing management. Management has several classes to can take, and several of careers to pursue. Those classes are similar to other professions; Marketing and Administration which have similar classes to take. Business Management was essentially created around 7200 B.C., the Ubaidians, of Sumer created the first†¦show more content†¦There are many of tasks that are used daily in business management. Such as, coordinating and being involved in promotional activities. To improve product or services direct or help with marketing ideas. Evaluate financial aspects, to improve customer satisfactions. Conduct a list to describe product and service offerings. Direct hiring by training and watching future employees performances to help them know what to do when they enter the field, so they can help improve services. Communicate with vendors to improve distribution. Also they analyze date, make crucial business decisions and supervise a single department. There are many of skills that are required in business management. Skills, such as: active learning, active listening, critical thinking, reading comprehension social perceptiveness, speaking, judgment and decision making, monitoring, persuasion and lastly complex problem solving (Job and Career Accelerator). There are also many abilities that are required to be mastered before pursuing a career in management. These abilities consist of oral comprehension, oral expression, written comprehension, deductive reasoning, written expression, fluency of

Overcoming Barriers For The Client During Treatment

It is important for a counselor to proper an action plan to overcome barriers for the client during treatment. Counseling is not about taking and not taking the proper actions. When a client is having barriers it is very important for the counselor to identify those barriers and set an action plan to help client overcome the obstacles. The counselor should identify the principles for a well action plan, discuss barriers that a client might encounter, outline intervention that will help with the barriers, list of community resources that will help client if need it and outlined aftercare plan when treatment is over. The principles for effective implementing an action plan The principle for effective action plan is when the counselor†¦show more content†¦For example, Tammy does not trust on men because in the past she has been cheated and has a trust issue. She wants to work on her goal to trust on men but she noticed that there will be a lack of time due to her ability with school and work. Another barrier that a client might interfere is lack of motivation. For instance, Tammy lost the motivation to date men because she noticed all the men are liars and they are not real. She has lost her motivation and is not interesting on working on the goal. A client that is suffering from obesity might have a barrier with poor body image. They do not believe they can lose weight because they have failed many times. Another barrier is support; the client might not have the support that is need it. For example the client has social skills issues and does not like to talk to anyone and only has a support of her counselor. Lastly, a person that is s uffering from guilt does not think they will be able accomplish their goal. For instance, Anna has guilt that her husband divorces her because she did not fic her personal problems and got in between with her marriage. Counselor intervention that would help to overcome each barrier The counselor intervention that would help the client overcome each barrier is helping client plan out their schedule. The counselor will sit down with the client and organize and prioritizeShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Literacy, And Health Literacy1665 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Literacy, and Health Literacy An understanding of literacy, and health literacy is crucial to understand their impact on client health outcomes. Further, a nurse’s ability to better educate clients lies in his or her understanding of these terms. Literacy is a multilayered, dynamic and complex topic; however, in short literacy is a set of skills including reading, writing oral skills, numeracy skills, and skills that enable us to acquire knowledge and information (Keefe CopelandRead MoreUnderstanding Literacy, And Health Literacy1663 Words   |  7 PagesAn understanding of literacy, and health literacy is crucial to understand their impact on client health outcomes. Further, a nurse’s ability to better educate clients lies in his or her understanding of these terms. Literacy is a multilayered, dynamic and complex topic; however, in short literacy is a set of skills including reading, writing oral skills, numeracy skills, and skills that enable us to acquire knowledge and information (Keefe Cop eland, 2011). Literacy can be understood throughRead MoreThe Impact Of Communication And Cultural Differences On Occupational Therapy Practice1491 Words   |  6 Pagesand beliefs about a woman’s role in the home) (Murdock, 1945). The broad and dynamic properties of culture allow for both clients and occupational therapists (OTs) to ascribe a wide variety of meanings and dimensions to occupation (Townsend Polatajko, 2013). Given such diversity, it should not be difficult to appreciate the potential for vast differences in how both clients and OTs approach, perceive, and communicate in the therapeutic process. Provided that many of the cornerstone theories inRead MoreThe Treatment Of Young Victims Of Child Sexual Abuse1464 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The treatment of young victims of child sexual abuse can be demanding for the victim, the victim’s family, and the counselor. The trauma associated with the abuse and the time it may take the child to heal can become very overwhelming. There are barriers, such as a lack of family support and lack of disclosure, which may block victims of child sexual abuse from successful treatment. Overcoming these barriers and incorporating multiple methods of treatment can be beneficial for the victimRead MoreEngaging : Promoting Autism Wellness1746 Words   |  7 PagesResearch findings indicate that intensive behavior therapy such as applied behavioral analysis(ABA) is an effective intervention for autism spectrum disorders. Another intervention that helps with behavior is play therapy (PT). This therapy help clients prevent or resolve social difficulties and achieve optimal growth and development (Goodman, Reed, Athey-Lloyd, 2015). In addition, Schaefer and Drewes (2011) identified t wenty-five therapeutic powers of play, empirical data was collected and showedRead MoreJohn Nash Mind Schizophrenia Movie Analysis766 Words   |  4 Pagesthought that the Russians are following him and trying to kill him for working with William Parcher to break Russians codes. One scene that shows John delusional thinking was when he was giving a speech at Harvard about his mathematical research. During the speech, he saw in his mind that the Russian spies are in the audience and they began to follow him. When the capture him, it became clear that it they are not Russian spies. Rather, they are the staff from a psychiatric hospital trying to helpRead MoreFamily Counseling Services Of Northern Utah1054 Words   |  5 Pageskeep families together. Its first executive director, and only counselor, saw 170 clients in 1966. Since then our agency has helped thousands of children, individuals, couples and families. In 1993, FCS assisted 350 clients; in 2010, we assisted 2,400 clients. In last few years, we have witnessed a continued increase of the services we provide. In the last fiscal year of 2015, FCS provided services to 3,178 clients from Jan. 1 through Dec. 31. Additionally, 2016 marked a milestone for FCS whenRead MoreAfrican American Cultural Value s And Norms1653 Words   |  7 PagesWhen beginning work with the client, there were a number of apparent differences between her and myself, including age, race, and social class. As previously stated I had to become more culturally competent about working with African American clients before I started seeing the client. Furthermore, I had to become aware of the difficulties that would be present due to our age difference. I made sure to give Betty the opportunity to tell me how situations made her feel, and empathized with her, makingRead MoreI Have Always Been An Avid Learner1567 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome complete. Today my style of learning is similar, but my approach is different. I do not give up on a challenge, instead, I embrace challenges. Through hard work and persistence, I discovered that the secret to overcoming a challenge is to turn it into an opportunity. During my undergraduate studies in the Social Work Department at Southern University, I volunteered as an HIV/AIDS Peer Health Educator. This is when I developed a keen interest in human sexuality. As a result of discussing sexuallyRead MoreHow Cystic Fibrosis Affect The Occupation Of Rest And Sleep1266 Words   |  6 Pagestherapists’ appointment (Sawicki, 2008). Due to the high treatment demand, Emily feels stressed since she cannot find adequate time for social participation, homework, plus added teenage milestones. Consequently, cystic fibrosis influences many of her occupations. Attitude has a major impact on her overall progress of managing this serious, chronic medical challenge. A solid understanding of the entire person helps create an enriched treatment plan and improved outcomes. Starting the day, cystic fibrosis

Strategic Imperatives and Core Competencies

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Imperatives and Core Competencies. Answer: Introduction: Batelco has been operating in the telecommunications industry from the year 1981 as a Bahraini Shareholding Company. The major shareholders of this organization include various commercial organizations along with financial entities, government entities and the Gulf Cooperation Council members. The ownership of the organization also includes a number of international investors. As mentioned earlier, the Batelco operates in the telecommunication industry in Bahrain with more than 9 million customers. The organization operates as a public shareholding company, which allows both organizations and individuals to hold the shares of the organization. Batelco employs more than 2000 employees. More than 90% of the workforce of Batelco is Bahraini individuals, which in turn allows the organization to increase the standard of living of the country along with the revenue of the country. As of 2015, the revenue of Batelco was 987.8 million US dollars along with the operating income of 186.2 million US dollars. The organization had a net income of 131.3 million US dollars and 1.52 billion US dollars of total assets as per the reports published in the year of 2015. The products and services sold by Batelco include postpaid and prepaid telecom service along with broadband, fixed line and home entertainment solutions provided to the customers. The majority of the customers of Batelco reside in Middle East, South America, Indian Ocean, Europe and North Africa (Arntz, 2016). History of technological unemployment The concept of technological unemployment defines the total loss of jobs due to the changes in the technologies used by the organizations. So, this concept is related to the loss of employment due to the introduction of new and more efficient technologies along with the gradually decreasing demand of the technological skills of the employees. When the organizations use newer and more innovative technologies to complete certain business processes much faster than the employees, then the concept of technological unemployment comes into picture. This section of the report analyzes the development of this concept of technological unemployment since its inception until the present day (Aguilera, 2016). Throughout the years, a number of authors have mentioned that the concept of technological unemployment has been present since the invention of wheel. The invention of wheel was a significant milestone in the development of technologies in the ancient world and it is believed to have triggered the process of technological unemployment in pre 16th century. There have been a number of analysis on the presence of technological unemployment in the ancient China, Egypt and Greece, where people started finding easier ways to decrease the manual labor and to increase the usage of technologies in their daily activities, which in turn led to the loss of a number of peoples jobs. This is believed to be the inception of the concept of technological unemployment (Hughes, 2014). In 16th to 18th century, the European and British empires started investing in the process of innovating the business activities involved in any employment. In 16th and early 17th century however, the process of introducing innovation in business processes was opposed quite a lot by the authorities. For example, Queen Elizabeth I didnt approve the introducing of a labor saving knitting machine in the business processes, which was invented by a person named William Lee. Even through these oppositions against innovation in employment, the mindset of people started to change and a lot of innovations were introduced in employment in late 17th and 18th century. It is believed that the British were able to gain a lead on industrial revolution than the Europeans as they started introducing innovations and technologies a bit earlier than the Europeans. The industrial revolution gave a significant boost to the technological unemployment, which was causing a lot of employees to lose their jobs due to the establishment various industries and machineries (Eichhorst, 2017). During this time, the authorities and management of these industries started becoming more and more insensitive about the employees losing their jobs to the technological advancement. The major reason for such a mindset was the increasing competition among industries and organizations operating in same market. In the 19th century the economic and educational debates on the concept of technological unemployment grew quite intense. The debates were the most intense in the Great Britain due to the presence of a lot of economic thinkers of that age in the Great Britain. These debates and analysis of the concept of technological unemployment faded towards the end of the 19th century and wasnt a popular concern for the society (Otekhile, 2016). In the beginning of the 20th century, technological unemployment wasnt a big problem in the world and it was never provided a lot of focus in the academic and economic discussions. Towards the 1920s, the technological unemployment caused mass-unemployment in Europe and rural United States. The people in the rural US started losing agricultural jobs due to the increase in the usage of various machineries and technologies in the farms for agricultural activities. Tractors and other machineries were being used to complete the work done by multiple people in an efficient manner, which in turn caused technological unemployment to be the center point of the economic discussions. Towards the 1970s unemployment rose once again and stayed the rest of the century, in which a large number of people lost their jobs due to the technological advancements. The beginning of the 21st century held the belief that the technological advancements wont have long-term adverse effects on the employment and will ultimately create new employment opportunities. But the recent times have seen aggressive changes and advancements in the technologies used in different sectors. The technologies and their capabilities are changing very quickly, which in turn is allowing the organizations operating in various industries to have efficient and innovative business processes along with innovative products and services. The 21st century has also experienced an aggressive growth in the research and development activities in automation tools, business automation strategies and artificial intelligence. The IT industry has been affected the most due to the technological advancements and has experienced a significant increase in the technological unemployment. The organizations operating in the IT industry are expecting the employees to have skillsets in the lates t technologies along with being updated with the changes in the existing technologies. This in turn has been boosting technological unemployment as the organizations let the employees go, who doesnt get updated with the latest technologies and changes in the existing technologies (Niewiadomski, 2016). Several recent economic and technological discussions have been keeping the concept of technological unemployment in focus to analyze the possible significance of the concept in the future. Frey and Osbornes Findings Frey and Osbornes findings are related to the finding out of the answer to how much dependent or what impact computerization will have on jobs? They studied this by dividing their work in two phases. In the first phase, they have learnt about the advancements and revolution in the field of Machine Robotics and the Machine Learning (Frey Osborne, 2017). They took almost all the occupations that one can have in the world and prioritized and analyzed them to find out how much susceptible they will be to the computerization. Then they simulated all these 702 job occupations to find out the impact of computerization on these jobs. They have analyzed deeply and found out that the jobs which can be done based on a well-defined procedure have seen a rise in firing and introduction of robotic mechanisms for faster execution of processes. All the automobile manufacturing companies have already implement almost full robotization in their manufacturing plants with vey less manual intervention. The robots follow the algorithm programmed in them and perform the tasks seamlessly. This will lead to computerization of many jobs by the next few decades. The prices of computing power are decreasing every day and the companies are looking for ways to automate every single task (Otekhile, 2016). This will not only impact the peoples jobs but also it will impact on the economy and GDP of the country. Thus, the automation should be welcomed but with certain constraints which will keep check on the jobs and dependencies of peoples. The findings of the analysis by Carl Frey and Michael Osborne on technological unemployment reveal a number of variables to determine the effect of computerization. As per figure 1, the functionality and activities of a role in the organization defines its possibility of being automated by the technological advancements. These factors are known as bottleneck variables for the technological advancements and computerization (Frey, 2017). Social intelligence The employees focusing the public relations activities have low probability of getting automated by technology as it requires extensive social intelligence. 30% of the workforce in Batelco includes public relations activities for their daily business activities, which in turn makes them quite safe from the technological unemployment. But 10% of the workforce who carry out the generic activities of serving the customers with repeated queries and requests can face technological unemployment due to the implementation of various artificial intelligence tools like chatbots (Loi, 2015). As per this bottleneck variable, the roles in Batelco which involve the usage of a lot of creativity will be safe from technological advancements. But around 20% of the technical and ICT related roles will be susceptible to technological unemployment due to lack of involvement of creativity. Perception and manipulation The roles in the workforce of Batelco involving a lot of perception and manipulation will be safe from technological unemployment. Some of roles like telemarketers and customer care representatives will be vulnerable to technological unemployment, which is close to 20% of the workforce of Batelco (Otekhile, 2016). So, the application of Frey and Osborne research on Batelco reveals that close to 47% of the total jobs in Batelco are vulnerable to technological unemployment through automation in the next 10 years. So, close to 950 employees are vulnerable to technological unemployment in the workplace of Batelco. Mitigation plan The management of Batelco should develop and implement an effective business strategy to handle such a significant impact of technological unemployment on the workforce. The management should ensure efficient training and development activities for the employees to have updated skills and to have understanding of the latest technologies. The organization should also arrange various events like hackathons and competitions to maintain the creativity and innovation of the employees, which in turn allows them to be safe from technological unemployment. Inclusion of the employees in the critical business decisions is also another way of keeping the employees safe from technological unemployment due to the constant updates to the skills and mindset of the employees by being part of the business decisions (Wolff, 2015). Competitive strategy The recruitment and selection process of Batelco should also consider skillful candidates in order to tackle the real-time scenarios that require the implementation of the latest technologies. Batelco should also implement effective retention strategies for the highly skilled employees to tackle the loss losses due to the technological unemployment. This in turn allows the organization to utilize the highly skilled employees in multiple activities during the impacted period of technological unemployment. This will allow Batelco to compete in such a market with high probability of technological unemployment (Hughes, 2014). The mitigation plan along with the competitive strategy to tackle technological unemployment will incur a number of overhead costs. The training and development costs of the employees will increase at least 20% due to the increased number of activities. The retention strategy will also require the management of Batelco to keep 50% more funds for the employee remuneration in terms of salaries and rewards. The increased salaries and rewards will allow the management of Batelco to retain highly skilled employees in the organization. The management of Batelco will also have to invest more in the recruitment and selection processes in order to choose the most skilled and suitable employees for the business processes of the organization. The recommended percentage increase in the investment of the recruitment and selection process is at least 20% to allow more effective selection processes to be carried out frequently in a financial year to compete in the market (Urban, 2015). References Aguilera, A., RAMOS BARRERA, M. G. (2016). Technological Unemployment: an approximation to the Latin American Case. AD-minister, (29), 58-78. Arntz, M., Gregory, T., Zierahn, U. (2016). The risk of automation for jobs in OECD countries: A comparative analysis. OECD Social, Employment, and Migration Working Papers, (189), 0_1. Eichhorst, W. (2017). Labor Market Institutions and the Future of Work: Good Jobs for All? (No. 122). Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). Frey, C. B., Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs to computerisation?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254-280. Hughes, J. (2014). A strategic opening for a basic income guarantee in the global crisis being created by AI, Robots, desktop manufacturing and BioMedicine. J Evol Tech, 24(1), 45-61. Loi, M. (2015). Technological unemployment and human disenhancement.Ethics and Information Technology,17(3), 201-210. Niewiadomski, R., Anderson, D. (2016). The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Its Impact on Labor. Strategic Imperatives and Core Competencies in the Era of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, 29. Otekhile, C. A., Zeleny, M. (2016). Self Service Technologies: A Cause Of Unemployment. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 4(1), 60-71. Singh, G., Debasish, S. S. (2016). Jobs in the Era of Automation. ITIHAS-The Journal of Indian Management, 6(4). Upadhyay, V. (2015). Can Capitalism Survive High Degree of Automation? A Comparison with Thomas Piketty's Argument. Urban, F. (2015). The Economics of Technological Change and Employment in the Digital Machine Age. Wolff, J. C. (2015). Technological Unemployment and a Theoretical Solution to its Imposing Threats. J Socialomics, 4(120), 2167-0358.

Power Themes In Shakespeare Works Essays - Characters In Macbeth

Power Themes In Shakespeare Works Power is the root of all evil. According to Perry Besshye Shelley, "Power, like a disease, pollutes whatever it touches." In other words, many characters in literature become corrupted because of their quest for power. I fully agree with Shelley that power "pollutes everything that it touches" because having too much power concentrated in the hands of one person leads to dictatorship and its bad consequences. "Power is the root of all evil" is another interpretation of Shelley's statement. This idea is demonstrated in the plays Hamlet and Macbeth, both by William Shakespeare, where major characters lead themselves to their downfall by trying to become very powerful. In fact, in both plays many major characters die because of one person's ambition to become a powerful king. In Hamlet Claudius murders his brother, marries his former sister-in-law (the Queen), and ascends to the throne of Denmark. These three deeds are performed by a shrewd and self-serving man. The King will do almost anything to protect the throne, in spite of knowing that he did not rightfully earn it. He resorts to underhanded tactics such as spying, manipulation, and deceit in order to overcome whatever he perceives as a threat to his supreme position. As a result of Hamlet's meeting with the ghost of his father, Hamlet's behavior changes. Everyone perceives this change as lunacy due to Hamlet's inability to accept the death of his father. However, Claudius does not believe that this is the root cause of Hamlet's madness. Since he is uncertain of Hamlet's knowledge of his secret, Claudius feels that his supremacy is being threatened by Hamlet. Claudius sends for Hamlet's childhood friends Gildenstern and Rosencrantz to assist him with getting to the source of Hamlet's "so called transformation". Claudius exercises his power and plays on their loyalty and respect for his position, in addition to their long-standing friendship with Hamlet, in order to get their cooperation. When Polonius presents the idea to Claudius that Hamlet's madness is due to his daughter (Ophelia) rejecting Hamlet's affections, he reserves judgment on this notion. Claudius needs assurance, and recognizes an opportunity to get to the bottom of this situation. He proceeds to manipulate Polonius into spying on Hamlet. Together they use Opheila in a scheme intended to test Polonius' theory of rejection. The outcome of the test reveals to Claudius that his concern should be for something other than a rejected lover. Claudius says: There's something in his soul, O'er which his melancholy sits on brood; And I do doubt the hatch and the disclose Will be some danger: which for to prevent... (Act III, sc. i) Claudius realizes that he must resolve the situation with Hamlet to eliminate the potential threat to his security. However, Claudius is astute enough to know that there are "two special reasons" why he could not openly do anything to harm Hamlet. Claudius also knows that any direct action taken against Hamlet would likely result in negative consequences for himself. To compensate for this, he uses Laertes to do his dirty work. Claudius takes advantage of Laertes' intentions to revenge the death of his father. He is able to put Laertes' anger to rest and win over his confidence. He then succeedes with leading Laertes into a scheme intended to kill Hamlet. Claudius sends Horatio to spy on Ophelia, which appears to be a show of concern to the Queen for Ophelia's safety, but is more likely due to Claudius' need to protect his secret. He also withholds information from the Queen concerning the scheme that ultimately leads to Ophelia's madness. To protect himself, he explained to the Queen that Ophelia's "divided fair judgment" stemmed from the death of her father. The play staged by Hamlet, in addition to Hamlet's wit, agitated the King. His reaction during the play causes a disruption, and the play is discontinued. His self-conscious struggled with his self-serving mission to remain in power as "the Dane". Claudius tells us: It hath the primal eldest curse upon't, A brother's murder. Pray can I not, Though inclination be as sharp as will: My stronger guilt defeats my strong intent; (Act III, sc. iii) Claudius attempts to repent but realizes that he cannot do so because the throne of Denmark means more to him than obeying the natural laws of divinity. Claudius is an individual whose greed and selfishness are responsible for his rise and fall from the throne of Denmark. The power and position that he tried so hard to maintain is ultimately destroyed by the same evil

Crimean war Essays - Military History By Country, Caucasian War

During the 1800s Russia seemed to be the dominant force compared to its neighbors. A superior country with better economy, army and resources. That was the case until Russia's neighbors decided to take action in 1853, and a series of battles known as the Crimean war broke down; finally crippling Russia and setting new dominance in Europe by 1856. Although Russia seemed to have army superiority due to their sheer numbers, they were proven wrong by an alliance of the British, French, and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). Russia was defeated in one of the battles merely by the British due to superior strategy. Consequently, Russia's desperate attempts to gain more power finally lead them to their defeat. The Crimean war was essentially a contest between the major European powers for influence over holy territories over the declining Ottoman Empire. As Candan Badem stated in his book The Ottoman Crimean War (1853-1856), ?It wasn't just Russia, or Britain, or the Ottoman Empire: it was a combi nation of the problems between all these forces [...] Needless to say, these tensions were based on very material interests and not on personal matters.? Arguably, the Crimean war could have played an essential role in the Russian Revolution of 1917 due to its consequences. Given the importance of this war, a question to answer is, how did the Crimean war affect Russia? After reading and thoroughly analyzing many articles and books, it is clear that after the war, Russia shifted from being the most powerful Empire, to an insignificant humiliated country for a period of time; as the victorious side took the holy territories they dreamed of and also forbid them from using the black sea. Even so, Russia later on got back on their feet and was once more a world superpower. To be sure to understand the position Russia was in, it's important to know the Russia before the Crimean War and what happened before it. As early as 1850, observers had been predicting the outbreak of a Russo-Turkish War. Russia before the Crimean war of 1853 was a superior, stronger Russia in comparison of its neighboring countries. Russia hoped to expand that power left and right: in Europe and Asia. In his book Imperial Russia 1801-1901, Tim Chapman thoroughly explains Russia's politics and economy before, during, and after the Crimean war. In the 1800s, Russia was an autocracy governed by an emperor who took the name of a ?Tsar?, his name was Nicholas I. ?His main tasks were to defend Russia from foreign attack and to maintain order within the frontiers [?] however, he was not entirely free to do as he chose.? (197) Nicholas I meant to increase Russia's power while keeping peace around and within Russia. Obviously an idea that the Ottoman Empire (or the other countries) wouldn' t agree to. Also important to mention, the Russian Tsars had followed a fairly consistent policy of drawing more political power away from the nobility and into their own hands. The living in Russia was nothing out of the ordinary. Most villages in Russia consisted of wooden homes, a bathhouse , a church and various outbuildings. Furthermore, the great size of Russia was its main weakness politically, then conversely this was its great strength economically. As Chapman stated, ?...the vast expanses of territory were difficult to control but they were inhabited by huge numbers of people. With a population close to forty million in 1800, Russia was by far the largest of the European states.? (202) All the land was used for farming and goods, but it is difficult to control a large country like Russia. The Crimean war was the result of a competition between France, Russia and Britain for influence in the Middle East, especially with the Ottoman Empire. Although that was the immediate cause, it was a ticking bomb that had been built up over the years ready to explode. In 1853 Russia owned territories that had previously been controlled by the Ottoman Empire. Britain and France didn't want Russia to keep expanding and tried to negotiate with them in order to stop them. The Ottomans were unwilling to get into an agreement and, having full back-up from the British, declared war

Cholera and Ebola Essay Essay Example

Cholera and Ebola Essay Essay Example Cholera and Ebola Essay Essay Cholera and Ebola Essay Essay Cholera. aka Asian Cholera or epidemic cholera. is an infective disease of the GI piece of land caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacteria. From the household Vibrionaceae. the bacteria is characterized as a Gram-negative rod. As with other Gram-negative rods. Vibrio cholerae produces an endotoxin. known as cholera toxin. This bacteria is nomadic due to the presence of a individual polar scourge and is extremely infective. The Vibrio cholerae bacteria grows in both fresh water and Marine home grounds and besides in association with aquatic animate beings. Originally discovered in 1824 by the Italian Anatomist. Filippo Pacini. Vibrio cholera most likely originated in India with the Ganges River helping as the primary taint reservoir. About 30 old ages subsequently bacteriologists Robert Koch and John Snow found the nexus between Cholera and imbibing H2O. Since its find in the early nineteenth century Cholera has claimed many lives due to its transmittal via the imbibing H2O supply. Through many old ages of research and chlorination of imbibing H2O supplies. Cholera has non been considered a menace to the United States and Western Europe for about a century. However. purposeful debut of the bacteria into a local H2O supply. could so do taint and mass spread of infection. Ebola hemorrhagic febrility ( EHF ) is a extremely infective. extremely fatal disease caused by the Ebola virus. Ebola virus is a member of the household Fivoviridae and is named after the Ebola River in the Republic of Congo ( once Zaire ) which is where the first epidemic occurred in 1994. The virus is classified as follows: Group: Group V ( ( ) ssRNA ) Order: Mononegavirales Family: Filoviridae Genus: Ebolavirus Speciess: Ivory Coast ebolavirus Reston ebolavirus Sudan ebolavirus Zaire ebolavirus The first two strains of the virus were identified in 1976 in Zaire and Sudan. Dr. F. A. Murphy was the first to insulate the virus and gaining control it for negatron microscopy. Dr. Murphy noted that the virus was a simple-strand RNA virus with encoding for seven viral proteins. Since its find and initial eruptions. four sub-species have been isolated ( as outlined above ) which are named after their several outbreak locations. Due to its extremely infective nature and its ability to mutate quickly. Ebola virus has a mortality rate of about 77 % . Although. non a dainty in the United States and other civilised states. the Ebola virus could present a serious wellness hazard if intentionally introduced into the H2O or nutrient supply. A protein on the surface of the virus has been discovered that is responsible for the terrible internal hemorrhage ( the death-dealing characteristic of the disease ) . The protein onslaughts and destroys the endothelial cells run alonging blood vass. doing the vass to leak and shed blood. In fact. the virus has a really specific tropism for liver cells and cells of the reticuloendothelial system. e. g. macrophages. Massive devastation of the liver is the hallmark characteristic of Ebola virus. The Ebola virus. one time inside a host. begins to retroflex. The seven proteins that make up the organic structure of the virus Begin to devour the host cell as the virus starts doing transcripts of itself. These seven proteins attack the organic structure of the cell and somehow attack the structural proteins of the organic structure of the host. As the disease progresses. it manifests itself in the signifier of shed blooding. particularly in the mucous membrane. venters. pericardium. and vagina. The capillary escape leads to loss of blood volume. shed blooding from assorted points in the organic structure. daze. and acute respiratory upset. Infections with Ebola virus are acute with an incubation period runing from 2 to 21 yearss. Cholera is an acute unwellness characterized by watery diarrhoea and is caused by certain members of the species Vibrio cholerae ( bacterium ) . The cholera source is passed in the stools. The toxin released by the bacteria causes increased secernment of H2O and chloride ions in the bowel. which can bring forth monolithic diarrhoea. Death can ensue from the terrible desiccation brought on by the diarrhoea. The symptoms may look 1 to 7 yearss after eating nutrient or imbibing H2O contaminated with the bacteriums. typically within 2 to 3 yearss. Contamination is from contact with the fecal matters or puke of person infected with cholera. Cholera is transmitted by fecal-oral path ( eating or imbibing nutrient or H2O contaminated by the faecal waste of an septic individual ) . Vibrios are sensitive to acid. and most dice in the tummy. Surviving deadly beings may adhere to and colonise the little intestine. where they secrete the potent cholera enterotoxin ( CT. besides called â€Å"choleragen† ) . This toxin binds to the plasma membrane of enteric epithelial cells and releases an enzymatically active fractional monetary unit that causes a rise in cyclic adenosine 51-monophosphate ( camp ) production. The ensuing high intracellular camp degree causes monolithic secernment of electrolytes and H2O into the enteric lms. Symptoms of cholera are an ague. diarrheal unwellness caused by infection of the bowel with the bacteria Vibrio Cholerae. One of 20 individuals will hold terrible disease with profuse watery diarrhoea. purging. and leg spasms. The rapid loss of organic structure fluids and weight lead to desiccation and circulatory prostration. Death can happen within hours. Symptoms of Ebola are fever. concern. articulation and musculus hurting. sore pharynx. failing. which are followed by diarrhoea. purging. and tummy hurting. Some patients have a roseola. ruddy eyes and internal and external hemorrhage. A individual becomes infected with cholera bacteriums by devouring contaminated nutrient or H2O. In most epidemics the infection comes from human fecal matters. which contaminate inadequately treated sewerage. The bacterium can besides populate in rivers and costal Waterss where it contaminates shellfish. Undercooked shellfish have been a beginning of cholera. The disease is non likely spread by direct person-to-person contact. Cholera is diagnosed by laboratory isolation of the bacteria from a stool sample or by happening antibodies in serum bespeaking recent infection. The toxigenic signifiers of Cholera are O group 1 or 139 and can be identified through gm strain or civilization. Darkfield of stage contrast microscopy can straight visualise motile vibrio. Generally diagnosing is clinical by H2O diarrhoea and desiccation. Cholera is most efficaciously treated through rehydration of fluids and salts lost through diarrhoea. An unwritten rehydration solution that combines sugar and salts n prepackaged expression is assorted with H2O and used throughout the universe ensuing in a 1 % mortality with intervention compared to 20-25 % without. Sever instances may necessitate endovenous unstable replacing. Antibiotics may shorten class and cut down badness of symptoms every bit good as lessening sloughing of virus but must aim being susceptibleness as antibiotic opposition is a turning job. The natural reservoir of the virus is unknown as is the mode in which it fist appears during an eruption. It has been hypothesized that the index patient becomes infected through contact with an ailment animate being. After the first instance patient. the virus can be transmitted through direct contact with septic blood or secernments or through contact with contaminated objects such as acerate leafs. Nosocomial transmittal is common in eruptions when health care workers do non have on proper protective vesture. Ebola is signifier of viral hemorrhagic febrility that is normally clinically diagnosed by the configuration of symptoms described. Laboratory diagnosing is through ELISA proving for IgM antibodies and PCR and virus isolation can be used to place virus within a few yearss of symptom oncoming. Subsequently in class of disease IgG antibodies can be tested. There is no healing intervention for Ebola. Merely supportive interventions including fluid and electrolyte reconciliation. and care of O position and blood force per unit area are available. In March 1999. cholera was detected in the state for the first clip in 10 old ages and was traveling fast throughout the state. Poor H2O quality and sanitation substructure were the major lending factors to high rates of cholera. By November 1999. 30 of the poorest communities in urban Antananarivo. which is the capital of Madagascar. was chosen as the mark population for flying the Safe Water System in the state. The system consisted of behavior alteration techniques along with point-of-use intervention and safe storage of H2O. The organisations who collaborated on this undertaking were the CARE Madagascar ( Community Assistance for Relief Everywhere ) . Population Services International ( PSI ) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) . CARE Madagascar implemented and combined community mobilisation. Population Services International took attention of the societal selling and the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention handled the plan rating. The societal selling involved local production of a 0. 5 % Na hypochlorite solution packaged in a 500-mL bottle. and sum sufficient to handle about 2000 L of H2O. A local company was so contracted to bring forth 20-L narrow-mouthed plastic Kraut tins. The trade name name given was Sur’Eau. French for â€Å"safe water† . The plan was launched months in front of agenda because of the rapid addition in the disease. The bottle of H2O was sold to jobbers and retail merchants in the communities take parting in the plan and provided the merchandise to CARE-trained community-based gross revenues agents. The organisations designed wireless and Television musca volitanss and gave out booklets and postings. Originally the undertaking was limited to the 30 vicinities. but PSI and CARE broadened the intercession to cover all of Antananarivo. In nine months the gross revenues ranged form 8. 000 to 80. 000 bottles per month. The success of the undertaking was due to the Waterss usefulness and the project’s easy deployment in response to exigencies. The organisations did non desire the communities to look at this H2O as a cholera bar merchandise. They wanted the people to utilize the H2O all the clip. non merely during cholera season. This is where the behavioural alteration comes in to play. Mentions hypertext transfer protocol: //images. Google. com/images? q=Vibrio+cholerae+photos A ; hl=en A ; lr= A ; sa=N A ; tab=ii A ; oi=imagest hypertext transfer protocol: //bact. wisc. edu/Bact330/lecturecholera hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cholera hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ebola hypertext transfer protocol: //www. astdhppe. org/infect/ebola. hypertext markup language hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/ebola. htm

Conducting Conversations in English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conducting Conversations in English - Essay Example These expressions may also include tone variation. Hence people do not just speak in English; rather, they may use these facial antics. Daniel Allington points out that there is an emphasis in use of institutional, social, physical, interpersonal and cultural context when people are talking. Through this, there is an effect on how one interprets the meaning of the interaction. Interactive talks reveal how language in use every day reflects as well as influencing identities and relationships of the user. These factors lead to many actions that involve the use of English language all over the world. For people to control and organise their language flow, there is the use of poetic and rhetorical features when speak. This ensures that there is the infusion of human communication. In speech and writing, there are sounds and marks that make the words recognisable. Speech experiencing in regard to old people includes face to face expressions as well as screens, telephone, books and screens . In regard to the preservation of one’s own self during a conversation there is consideration of the facial expressions in use including gestures. This may also include tone variation, which is, a vital aspect in ensuring that a person’s tone maintains it originality. ... P.23-27). In the context of language use, the term appropriateness indicates the necessity of the language when conversing. For one to ensure that there is the appropriateness in the language, one should consider the people who they are conversing with, the situation that leads to the conversation as well as the media of conversation. Appropriateness is different from correctness because the former indicates how able is it to use a certain language, while the later indicates whether the language in use is acceptable. In the use of English, there is creativity each day. There is creativity and play in the use of English while speaking and writing. Through the use of these phenomena’s, there is persuasion to an audience in making a point and in the conceding of a point. In human communication, there is the infusion of rhetorical and poetic characteristics. This is in reference to the conversation between Yael, Etham and Nahla where they use persuasion. This is when Yael asks Eth an, â€Å"What are doing.† This ensures there is creativity in conversing in English (Matthews, 2010, p. 34-36). In making an English conversation, there is consideration of digital English and material English, as the technology advances, the wording changes. In making a conversation, there should be an opening and a closing statement to ensure that the conversation has no fragments. Through it, there is a distinction between the linguistics utterances and the action of uttering it. The utterances help perform many social functions. Most opening and closing utterances are effective in a telephone conversation where the subjects use English language to converse. For an